Sports psychiatry and psychotherapy is a relatively young field and is comprised of two key segments: the special features of the diagnostics and therapy of mental disorders in elite athletes and the use of exercise and sports in the development and treatment of mental disorders. Although all mental disorders can in principle also occur in (elite) athletes, there are additionally sport-specific mental disorders, such as anorexia athletica and other eating disorders, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, misuse of and dependency on performance-enhancing substances (doping) and muscle dysmorphia. Many high-quality clinical trials over the past two decades have been able to demonstrate a therapeutic efficacy of physical activity and sport in the treatment of various mental disorders. All clinicians active in psychiatry and psychotherapy should possess a basic knowledge of sports psychiatry.