Body-image disturbance comprises two components. The first is perceptual in nature, and is measured by a discrepancy between one's actual body and perceived self-image ("perceived-actual discrepancy"). The other component is affective, and is measured by a discrepancy between one's perceived self-image and ideal body image ("perceived-ideal discrepancy"). The present study evaluated the relationships between body-image disturbance and characteristics of eating disorders such as symptoms and related personality traits. In a psychophysiological experiment, female university students (mean ± SD age = 21.0 ± 1.38 years) were presented with silhouette images of their own bodies that were distorted in terms of width. The participants were asked whether each silhouette image was more overweight than their actual or ideal body images. Eating-disorder characteristics were assessed using six factors from the Japanese version of the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI2). We found that perceived-actual discrepancies correlated with negative self-evaluation (i.e., factor 3 of the EDI2), whereas perceived-ideal discrepancies correlated with dissatisfaction with one's own body (i.e., factor 2 of EDI2). These results imply that distinct psychological mechanisms underlie the two components of body-image disturbance.